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Ring of Fence Policy (1765–1813)

 Introduction to Ring of Fence Policy (1765–1813): Neighbouring states adopted the “Ring of Fence” policy to safeguard their own lands. Warren Hastings implemented it to create buffer zones that protected Company boundaries. Rulers of the ring-fence states: Were required to pay Company officers These officers

Delegated Legislation

Delegated Legislation: Definition: Parliament cannot manage all aspects of national governance on its own. It transfers some of its legislative authority to other legally established authorities or bodies. This is called delegated legislation. Who Makes It? Other than the main legislature, other individuals or organisations

Coral Bleaching

Coral Bleaching: What is it? Coral bleaching is the process by which corals turn white and lose their vivid colour due to environmental stressors, mainly rising ocean temperatures. Zooxanthellae, microscopic algae living in coral tissues, provide energy and colour through photosynthesis. When stressed, corals expel

Doctrine of Lapse

Overview of the Doctrine of Lapse A British East India Company regulation put into effect while Lord Dalhousie was Governor-General (1848–1856). Intended to increase British territory in India by annexing princely states that lacked a male heir Indian rulers strongly disliked it The British saw

Mangroves

What Are They? Mangrove trees are a type of tree species that grow in intertidal salty environments close to the mouths of river deltas along the coasts. They can withstand frequent flooding. They can absorb both fresh water from rivers and the nutrients needed from

134th Session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Council

Context: India participated in the 134th session of the IMO Council held in London. The country reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening maritime safety and promoting gender equality in the maritime sector. India’s Key Interventions: Investigation into Maritime Accidents: India highlighted recent maritime incidents near its

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Maratha Military Landscapes Added to UNESCO World Heritage List

At the 47th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Paris, India’s nomination titled “Maratha Military Landscapes of India” was inscribed in the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage List. This inclusion reflects India’s sustained commitment to conserving and promoting its diverse and historic cultural

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Reserve Bank of India

Overview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI): • On the advice of the Hilton Young Commission, it was established on April 1, 1935, in accordance with the RBI Act of 1934. • First Configuration: o Privately held, with its main office in Kolkata before

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Subsidiary Alliance

Outline of the Subsidiary Partnership: • Introduction: o Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805, introduced this diplomatic tactic. o Intended to increase British power without using force. o Made it possible to use political and military influence to indirectly rule Indian

Zonal Councils

The Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation chaired the 25th Central Zonal Council meeting in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, organized by the Inter-State Council Secretariat in collaboration with the Uttar Pradesh Government. About Zonal Councils: Zonal Councils are statutory bodies created under the States Reorganisation